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The company is also in talks with the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID) to start larger, late-stage trials ahead of schedule, depending on results of the early studies and regulatory approval.
The United States is planning to test a handful of coronavirus vaccine candidates in trials that will enroll up to 30,000 subjects with the aim of getting an answer on efficacy as quickly as possible. National Institutes of Health Director Dr. Francis Collins told Reuters that companies will need to complete their safety trials by the end of summer to be included in those studies.
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Stoffels said last week that J&J hopes to have results of its vaccine efficacy trials in the first quarter of 2021. He added that the company is "working hard to bring it back to the end of the year."
A lot will depend on how much virus is circulating at that time, he said.
"If you have an incidence of 1% a year versus 4% a year, it's totally different. And that's where these trials are so unpredictable," he said referring to the percentage of new cases occurring in the population at the time.
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The company plans to test the vaccine in high-transmission regions within the United States. If the incidence is low, "we will complement that with international sites to make sure that we reach enough endpoints quickly to prove the vaccine works," Stoffels said.
Moderna Inc, which is working in close partnership with NIAID, has started testing its vaccine candidate in a 600-subject mid-stage trial. The company expects to begin late-stage trials in July.
Moderna's vaccine uses messenger RNA technology, an approach that has yet to produce any approved vaccines. J&J is utilizing the same technology used to make its Ebola vaccine, which won European regulatory approval late last month.
There are about 10 coronavirus vaccines in human testing. Experts have said a safe and effective vaccine could take at least 12 to 18 months from the start of development, which would shave several years off the typical vaccine development timeline.
